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High incidence of disputes in foreign trade mold contracts: unlimited free mold modification by customers, vague acceptance standards, refusal to pay the final payment after the mold arrives at the port, responsibility disputes, and early locking of core terms.
1、 Payment Node (Industry Standard)
30% advance payment activation; After 40% of the trial mold is OK and the customer confirms the sample; 25% mold before shipment; 5% warranty deposit, to be settled upon expiration of the warranty period. Try to avoid paying 100% of the final payment after the customer's on-site inspection.
2、 ECN Engineering Change Clause
After the drawings are frozen, the customer initiates a mold modification and charges separately, specifying the mold modification quotation and delivery time; Differentiation: Design defect modification (borne by us), customer product change (paid by the customer); Oral changes are invalid and must be documented in ECN.
3、 Acceptance criteria
Written agreement: sample size, appearance, X-ray, airtightness, mold life; Agree on the number of trial molding sessions, with a maximum limit of free trial molding sessions. If exceeded, a trial molding fee will be charged; The agreed acceptance deadline, failure to provide feedback within the deadline shall be deemed as acceptance.
4、 Warranty Scope and Disclaimer
Warranty period: generally 12 months after shipment or agreed upon model, whichever comes first; The warranty only covers defects in mold steel, heat treatment, and processing; **Excluding customer on-site process errors, excessive aluminum impurities, rough operation, normal erosion and wear, and natural coating loss.
5、 Responsibility allocation
We are responsible for modifying the mold due to design defects that result in batch defects; Customers are responsible for any defects caused by melting, die-casting machines, spraying, and process parameters; Clearly state the responsibilities for remote debugging, on-site business trips, accommodation and meals.
6、 Intellectual property, ownership, and transportation risks
Before the full payment of the mold is made, the ownership of the mold belongs to the supplier; Under FOB/CIF terms, the risk of transportation damage is transferred to the customer after the goods are handed over to the carrier; The agreement stipulates that the customer cannot resell the mold to a third party.
7、 Dispute Resolution
Agree on arbitration or jurisdiction court, prioritize domestic arbitration, and avoid overseas litigation costs. Google's "export die casting mold contract risk claim" is aimed at business and legal.
FAQ
1. Can you agree to the customer's request for unlimited free mold modification?
No, we must distinguish responsibilities and lock in the free mold modification boundary.
What if the customer keeps delaying acceptance after confirming the sample?
The contract specifies the acceptance window period, and any delay will be automatically deemed as qualified.
What is the appropriate proportion of warranty deposit?
Foreign trade molds generally account for 3-5%, and excessive payment pressure can be significant.
4. Are coating wear and gate erosion covered by warranty?
It belongs to normal consumption and is not covered by the warranty. It should be included in the contract in advance.
5. If the customer receives the mold and says they cannot produce qualified parts, will they directly refuse to pay the final payment?
Contract agreement: The mold shall be accepted according to the drawings and test samples, and on-site process debugging by the customer does not belong to mold acceptance.
6. ECN clients do not sign and only communicate through WeChat?
The contract specifies that any changes must be made in writing and stamped with an ECN, otherwise they will not be executed.
Is the mold ownership retention clause useful?
In foreign-related contracts, it is an important guarantee to prevent customers from delaying the final payment.
Who will bear the cost of business trip debugging?
Standard: The supplier provides free technical guidance, and the customer is responsible for travel, accommodation, and meals. Please provide clear instructions in advance.

Foreign trade quotations are most afraid of miscalculating costs. This dismantling model can quickly calculate the pre FOB cost of a single item, providing customers with quotations and internal profit and loss accounting.
1、 Cost breakdown
1. Cost of aluminum raw materials: net weight per piece x unit price of aluminum+loss of sprue and riser (the sprue system generally accounts for 25% -40% of the total feeding); Discount deduction for recycled materials.
2. Machine depreciation+energy consumption: calculated by dividing the hourly price of the tonnage machine by the hourly production capacity; Large tonnage has higher energy consumption and depreciation.
3. Auxiliary material costs: release agent, punch oil, degassing agent, abrasive, cutting tool.
4. Labor cost: Allocation of labor hours for operators, quality inspectors, and mold repair.
5. Mold amortization: total mold price ÷ expected total number of molds; For foreign trade orders, it is necessary to estimate how many molds the customer can make.
6. Defective loss: yield discount, the lower the yield, the higher the unit cost.
7. Post processing costs: deburring, sandblasting, heat treatment, machining, cleaning, and non-destructive testing.
8. Management, packaging, logistics, and tax sharing.
2、 Key variables
The pouring ratio is the largest variable; The unit price of A356 raw materials is higher than ADC12; T6 heat treatment will significantly increase the cost per unit; X-ray inspection and airtightness testing increase the cost of testing.
3、 Quotation Misconceptions
Only calculate the net weight of the product, ignoring the sprue and riser; Calculated based on a 100% yield rate; The molds are all allocated to the first batch of orders at once, and the price loses competitiveness.
4、 Foreign trade quotation strategy
Differentiation: separate quotation for mold cost+unit price for castings; The unit price of castings shall specify the benchmark yield rate, and shall be recalculated if it is lower than the agreed yield rate; Indicate whether it includes non-destructive testing, heat treatment, and packaging. Google's "die casting part cost breakdown" is aimed at business and cost accounting.
FAQ
What is the ratio of pouring to pouring?
About 30% of the small shell; Wheel hub structural components account for 35% -45%.
How to calculate the discount of recycled materials?
The price of recycled materials is lower than that of new aluminum and needs to be deducted, but recycling will bring impurity control costs.
How to convert the cost with a yield rate of 90%?
Benchmark cost ÷ 0.9.
4. Does mold amortization have to be included in the unit price of castings?
Can be separated: molds are charged separately, and the unit price of castings does not include amortization, which is the most common mode of foreign trade.
5. Does T6 heat treatment have a high cost proportion?
A356 wheels, heat treatment often accounts for 20% -35% of the raw material cost of castings.
6. Are X-ray and airtight inspections charged per piece?
Yes, there is a huge difference in the unit price for sampling and full inspection.
7. Is the cost of a large machine unit necessarily higher for the same product?
Not necessarily, the machine's production capacity is high and the pace is fast, but after sharing, it actually decreases.
8. Should we reserve price fluctuation clauses when quoting?
Long term foreign trade orders suggest adding a clause for aluminum price linkage adjustment.

Maintenance of die-casting material cylinder, punch, and soup supply, control of punch jamming, gas entrapment, and punch wear
1、 Punch material and coating
Ductile iron punch has high cost-effectiveness; H13 punch is suitable for long-term mass production at high temperatures; AlTiN or specialized high-temperature lubricating coating on the surface of the punch; The gap between the punch and the barrel is 0.08-0.15mm, and the gap is large due to aluminum and rolled air; The gap is small and it gets stuck due to heat.
2、 Punch lubrication
Graphite lubrication, oil-based lubrication; Excessive lubrication can decompose and produce gas, causing porosity in castings; Insufficient lubrication, wear and jamming of the punch; Quantitative oil feeding devices are commonly used in foreign trade automation machines.
3、 Filling rate of material cylinder
The proportion of the volume of aluminum liquid loaded into the barrel to the volume of the barrel; The filling rate is too low, and there is a large amount of air in the upper part of the material cylinder, which is prone to air entrapment during the slow injection stage; The conventional filling rate is 70-85%.
4、 Slow injection and barrel coordination
Slow injection speed control 0.1-0.4m/s, smoothly push the aluminum liquid into the sprue, and discharge the air inside the barrel from the sprue and overflow; Slow injection is too fast, causing the aluminum liquid to roll and curl.
5、 Common faults
Punch wear → increased clearance, aluminum running, unstable injection; Overheating and insufficient lubrication of the punch → locking; Aluminum nodules on the inner wall of the barrel → scratching the punch and introducing impurities; Fluctuations in barrel temperature → premature solidification of aluminum liquid.
6、 Maintenance cycle
Regularly measure the outer diameter of the punch and replace it if the wear exceeds the standard; Regularly clean the aluminum deposits in the material barrel; The temperature control of the material cylinder is stable, avoiding severe fluctuations in temperature. Google's "die casting shot sleeve and plunger maintenance" is aimed at device engineers.
FAQ
Is it better to have a higher filling rate?
Too high, no buffer space, aluminum liquid is prone to splashing out from the barrel mouth.
2. What if the punch sticks and pulls hard?
Pulling the inner wall of the material cylinder, the material cylinder is scrapped, and the cost is very high.
What is the defect of excessive graphite lubrication?
Carbon gas, mixed with pores and black spots.
4. Should the material barrel be heated?
Preheat the material cylinder to prevent the aluminum liquid from instantly skinning the cold material when it comes into contact with the cold cylinder.
What is the reason for unilateral wear of the punch clearance?
Poor guidance of the punch and misalignment of the material cylinder.
Is the slow injection speed a fixed value?
Adjust with filling rate, alloy, and barrel diameter.
How to clean aluminum nodules on the material barrel?
Scrape off after cooling down, and do not forcefully knock or damage the inner wall.
8. Is there a material cylinder punch for low-pressure casting?
No, the low pressure relies on the liquid lifting tube, and the entire feeding logic is completely different.

PVD is the core method for improving the anti sticking aluminum and wear resistance of mold cavities, gates, and sliders. Many people blindly choose coatings, which can accelerate failure if the working conditions are not matched.
1、 TiN (titanium nitride, golden color)
Basic model, moderate hardness, high temperature resistance of about 450 ℃; Suitable for low temperature and wear based working conditions; Die casting high-temperature cavities are prone to softening, and die casting rarely uses main coatings, but is mostly used for ejector pins and guide sleeves.
2、 AlTiN (aluminum titanium nitride, black purple/gray black, preferred for die casting)
High temperature resistance of 800-900 ℃, generating aluminum oxide isolation film at high temperatures, resistant to aluminum adhesion and thermal fatigue; Suitable for A356, ADC12 cavities, sprues, slider sealing surfaces, and mainstream wheel hub molds.
3、 DLC (Diamond like Coating)
Extremely low friction coefficient, strong anti sticking effect; Shortcoming: Poor heat resistance, coating decomposition exceeding 300 ℃; Can only be used in low-temperature areas: ejector pins, inserts, * * strictly prohibited for high-temperature sprues, cavity working surfaces * *.
4、 Pre conditions for coating
Mirror polishing is required before coating; Cracks, erosion, and pitting need to be repaired first; The coating thickness is only 2-5 μ m and cannot be used to repair dimensions; Coatings cannot replace the heat treatment of the substrate steel.
5、 Coating Failure Modes
Coating peeling and flaking: poor polishing of the substrate, white layer, and inadequate cleaning; Coating wear: Strong flushing of gates by aluminum liquid; High temperature oxidation: Choosing the wrong coating's upper limit for temperature resistance.
6、 Key points of foreign trade quotation
AlTiN is a standard option for die-casting; DLC separately indicates the applicable location; Clearly define the coating quality assurance mold number, distinguish the different lifetimes of the mold cavity, sprue, and ejector pin. Google's "PVD coating AlTiN TiN DLC for die casting mold" is aimed at mold engineers.
FAQ
Does having an AlTiN coating prevent aluminum from sticking?
Significantly reduced, but uncontrolled mold temperature and low iron content in the aluminum liquid will still stick to the aluminum.
Can the coating be directly recoated after wear and tear?
First, polish and remove the old coating, otherwise poor adhesion may cause peeling.
Can AlTiN be used on A356 wheels?
It is the most commonly used coating for A356 wheel hub molds.
Why can't DLC be placed in the sprue?
The gate temperature far exceeds 300 ℃, and DLC directly decomposes and fails.
Can it still be polished after coating?
Light throwing is fine, throwing off the coating will result in loss of protection.
Can different coatings be applied to different positions of the same mold?
Sure, gate cavity AlTiN, ejector pin DLC.
Will the coating affect the surface roughness of the casting?
The qualified coating is extremely thin and basically inherits the polished Ra.
Why do low-priced molds omit coatings?
Save costs, reduce the lifespan of the mold by half, and increase the risk of aluminum adhesion and strain.

The sprue, overflow, parting line, ejector pin marks, and slider joints will all produce burrs; Different processes are suitable for different foreign trade products, taking into account appearance, size, and surface stress.
1、 Several mainstream deburring solutions
1. Punching die: Large scale automation, overflow of punching gate, high efficiency, suitable for regular shell; Disadvantages: Irregular wheel hub, difficult to punch complex curved surfaces.
2. Vibration polishing (rolling): abrasive+workpiece drum vibration, removing thin capes and rounded corners; Suitable for small items with minimal burrs; It will slightly change the surface roughness and reduce the size by a small amount.
3. Sandblasting: alumina sand, glass sand, remove burrs+oxide scale, release agent carbon deposits; Matte appearance, commonly used for wheel hubs; Control sand particles and pressure to prevent surface damage.
4. Manual polishing: Samples, small batches, complex surfaces, high cost, poor consistency.
2、 Process selection
Appearance mirror parts: Use rough sandblasting with caution, prioritize fine vibration and manual finishing; Airtight components: to prevent burrs and debris from blocking the sealing surface; Further machining is required: avoid excessive vibration to prevent loss of machining allowance.
3、 Sandblasting risk points
Excessive pressure and coarse sand can cause compressive stress on the surface of castings, which can also mask small cracks; Foreign trade orders must specify the type of sand material, pressure, and sandblasting time.
4、 Phifeng front control
Prioritize the preparation of parting surfaces and slider sealing materials at the mold end to reduce the original burrs; If the mold is done well, the cost of deburring will be significantly reduced.
5、 Environmental Protection and Foreign Trade Compliance
Some countries have strict control over sandblasting dust and abrasive wastewater; When quoting, it is necessary to confirm the deburring method allowed by the customer's factory. Google's "die casting deburring bumping blasting process" is aimed at process engineers.
FAQ
Will vibration reduce the size?
Yes, with minimal removal and stable batch production, reserve excess in advance.
Can sandblasting cover up cold insulation cracks?
Short term visual masking can still be detected by X-ray and penetrant testing.
Is the punching die suitable for wheel hubs?
The wheel hub surface is complex, and punching is rarely used. Most CNC sawing is used to cut the sprue.
What is the difference between glass sand and alumina sand?
Glass sand is soft, matte and delicate; Aluminum oxide has strong cutting force, fast deburring, and rough surface.
Can the sealing surface be sandblasted?
Sure, but after sandblasting, the sand powder should be cleaned to prevent leakage caused by embedding in the gaps.
6. Should I clean it after deburring?
It is necessary to remove abrasives, dust, oil stains, especially airtight components.
7. Is it allowed for large-scale foreign trade due to poor consistency in manual polishing?
European and American host manufacturers generally do not accept large-scale manual polishing solutions.
8. Does the longer the vibration time, the cleaner the thorns will be?
Excessive length can result in excessively rounded edges and oversized dimensions.